| Generation | Projected availability | Residual height error [σ µm] |
|---|---|---|
| II | Now | < 3.0 |
| III | February 2020 | < 2.2 |
| IV | November 2020 | < 1.6 |
Figure 1: 2D and 1D lenses in the same diamond
Figure 2: Normed flux availability for a 1D lens made in Be vs Al vs Diamond when focusing with p=46.7m, q=56.5m and a lens number N between 1-95. By courtesy of Mati Meron APS, 2018
Figure 3: Talbot reconstructed shape measurement of a single SCD dual lens
Figure 4: Residual height error of a SCD lens. The doughnut like height error is systematic for the GII lenses.
The IB-C22-HV slit derives from the classic JJ X-Ray slit, IB-C30-HV, where space requires a smaller and more compact slit.
Single Crystal Diamond Compound Refractive Lenses
JJ X-Ray and the Danish Technical University have over the last two years been developing Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL) of Single Crystal Diamonds (SCD´s) and will continue the development in the foreseeable future.
The lens shape is carved using a short-pulsed laser, and subsequently, the surface roughness is improved by various wet and dry etches. The dry etches can also be used to minimize the web of the dual-lens in a diamond. The shape of the lens can be made relatively freely and thus be tailored to the parameters of the specific beamline; they will be deployed for. It is also possible to make more lenses in one diamond, e.g., a 2D and a 1D lens can be positioned next to each other. This means that both focusing types could be available in one CRL system and selected between by merely translating the whole system.
While diamonds do absorb more than Be, they have a comparatively higher refractive index at high energies yielding an overall higher available flux.
The SCD lenses can be packaged in Cu disks. The Cu disks give a thermal path with a low resistance ideal for white beam applications.
The current Generation II, GII, SCD lenses have been characterized on the 1BM beamline at APS where a CRL consisting of seven dual SCD lenses was found to focus an 8keV beam up to 2.1 times the theoretical beam size. The individual SCD lenses were characterized by Talbot interferometry and found to have a residual standard height deviation below 3µm (see the table on the left). The height error was generally driven by a systematic error that we expect to eliminate in the GIII lenses, which we are working on now. An article on the GII data is in the making and will be linked to when it is published.
We are continually working on improving the lenses, and discounts are given to customers wishing to upgrade their SCD lenses to a later generation. Generation IV is available now, for an overview of the latest developments, watch the recording of our community meeting from June 2021.
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